Completing Sentence
there are some rules for sentence completion which will any learner in the exam. these are the most common rules which are seen in the exam question. মনে রাখতে হবে, কেবল একটি Word দ্বারা sentence complete করা যাবে না। Sentence complete করতে হবে Phrase বা Clause দ্বারা। এক্ষেত্রে বাক্যটিকে Complex কিংবা Compound করা গেলে ভাল হয়। নিচে নিয়মগুলো আলোচনা করা হল।
Completing sentence
Rule 1. It is time, it is high time, wish, fancy, ইত্যদি থাকলে past indefinite tense হবে.
Ex: It is high time …..
Ans: It is high time I took a good decision.
- Ex: 2. It is time ……
Ans: It is time our Govt implemented woman education.
- Ex: 3. I wish …..
Ans: I wish I could go to the USA.
- Ex: 4. I fancy …..
Ans: I fancy I got fear to see him.
Rule 2. No sooner, hardly, scarcely, before, ইত্যাদি শব্দ সমুহ যদি দুটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করে তবে প্রথম বাক্যটি past perfect tense হবে এবং দ্বিতিয় বাক্যটি past indefinite tense হবে.
Ex: 1. We had taken some drastic steps before ……
Ans: we had taken some drastic steps before the terrorists attacked us.
- Ex: 2. No sooner had the storm started …..
Ans: no sooner had the storm started than the electricity went away.
- Ex: 3. Hardly had I reached the school ….
Ans: hardly had I reached the school when the bell rang.
- Ex: 4. Scarcely had she got the death news of her brother when …..
Ans: scarcely had she got the dead news of her brother when she became upset.
Note 1. No sooner/scarcely/hardly ইত্যাদি থাকলে সাহায্যকারি verb টি subject এর পূর্বে বসবে.
Ex: 1. no sooner had she gone there than her friend stopped talking.
Note 2. No sooner থাকলে দুটি বাক্যের মাঝখানে than বসবে কিন্তু hardly/scarcely থাকলে দুটি বাক্যের মাঝখানে when/before বসবে.
Ex: 2.no sooner had I slept than he knocked at the door.
Rule 3. Since, as though, as if ইত্যাদি যদি দুটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করে এবং তাদের প্রথমটি যদি present tense হয় তবে দ্বিতিয়টি past indefinite tense হবে. আবার প্রথমটি যদি past indefinite tense হয় তবে দ্বিতিয়টি past perfect tense হবে.
Ex: 1. She talked to me in such a way ….
Ans: she talked to me in such a way as though she had been a mad.
- Ex: 2. The boy runs as if …..
Ans: the boy runs as if he were a good athlete.
- Ex: 3. Many years have passed since ……
Ans: many years have passed since I did not see my sister.
- Ex: 4. Many years passed since …
Ans: many years passed since we had gone to cox’s bazar.
Rule 4. While যুক্ত বাক্যের প্রথম অংশটি past continuous tense হবে এবং ২য় অংশটি past indefinite tense হবে কিন্তু while এর পর subjectনা থাকলে verb এর Ing form হবে.
Ex: 1. While I was returning from school,…….
Ans: While I was returning from school, I met one of my best friends near the crossing road.
Ex: 2. While ------ I found him crying.
Ans: while speaking to him, I found him crying.
Rule 5. If যুক্ত বাক্যের একটি অংশ present indefinite tense হলে অপর অংশটি future indefinite tense হবে.
Ex: 1. If you give me reminder, ………
Ans: if you give me reminder, I will bring back your book.
Ex: 2. I will go to Dhaka if …..
Ans: I will go to Dhaka if I get a bus ticket.
rule 6. If যুক্ত বাক্যের একটি অংশ past indefinite tense হলে অপর অংশটি past conditional হবে.
Ex: 1. If someone studied hard, …..
Ans: if someone studied hard, they could get higher scholarship in abroad.
Ex: 2. If they came to a term, …..
Ans: if they came to a term, the problem would be ended.
rule 7. ifযুক্ত বাক্যের একটি অংশ past perfect tense হলে অপর অংশটি past perfect conditional হবে.
Structure of past perfect conditional: sub + would have/should have/could have/might have + V3 + extension.
Ex: 1. If she had submitted her application, …..
Ans: if she had submitted her application, she could have appointed to the post.
Ex: 2. If we had taken initiatives to stop food adulteration,……
Ans: if we had taken initiatives to stop food adulteration, the avaricious business men could not have gotten much chance to make us the puppet of their hands.
Rule 8. Expected/assume/understood/said/believed etc + that এবং the following day/month/year, next day/month/year ইত্যাদি থাকলে পরবর্তি বাক্যটি past conditional হবে .
ex: 1. It was said that ……
Ans: it was said that it would be finished next week.
It was anticipated that …..
Ans: it was anticipated that the project would complete the following month.
Rule 9. Would that থাকলে পরের বাক্যটিতে could + present form হবে .
ex: 1. Would that ……
ans: would that he could fulfill his desire.
rule 10. So that/in order that থাকলে can/could/may/might + verb এর base/present form হবে.
Ex: 1. They have opened a computer training center so that …..
Ans: they have opened a computer training center so that they can make some human resource.
Ex: 2. We eat food so that ………..
Ans: We eat food so that we can get vigor and energy.
Ex: 3. we go to school in order that ………
Ans: We go to school in order that we can enhance our knowledge.
rule 11. After দ্বারা দুটি sentence যুক্ত হলে বাক্যের প্রথম অংশটি past indefinite tense হবে এবং ২য় অংশটি past perfect tense হবে.
ex: 1. I came here after he ...... there.
Ans: I came here after he had left this place.
Rule 12. Since দ্বারা কারণ এবং when দ্বারা যখন বুঝালে উভয় পাশে একি tense হবে.
Ex: 1. Since he killed the bird …..
Ans: Since he killed the bird,he felt guilty.
Ex: 2. When I went there…
Ans: When I went there, I called him.
Rule: 13. Provided that/provide/providing that ইত্যাদি দ্বারা যদি অর্থ প্রকাশ করে এই ক্ষেত্রে completing sentence করার সময় বাক্যটি present indefinite tense এ করতে হবে.
Ex: 1. He will lend you the required money provided that ……..
Ans: he will lend you the required money provided that you return him in time.
Ex: 2. People will vote you provided …..
Ans: people will vote you provided you are a good leader.
Rule: 14. যদি কোনো বাক্যে lest থাকে তবে lest এর পরবর্তি বাক্যটি subject + should + verb এর present form দ্বারা সম্পন্ন করতে হবে.
Ex: 1. Run fast lest ……
Ans: run fast lest you should miss the bus.
Ex: 2. Go to the bank earlier lest ….
Ans: go to the bank earlier lest you should cash your money.
Rule: 15. যদি কোনো বাক্যের প্রথমে had থাকে তবে তার অর্থ যদি বুঝায়, সে ক্ষেত্রে একটি বাক্য past perfect tense হবে এবং অপরটি past perfect conditional হবে.
Ex: 1. Had I seen him once more, …
Ans: had I seen him once more, I would have taken revenge.
Ex: 2. …………… I would have told him the reason.
Ans: had he informed this matter earlier, I would have told him the reason.
Rule: 16. So … that থাকলে বাক্যটি sub + cannot/could not + extension দ্বারা পুরণ করতে হবে.
Ex: 1. It is so shameful …….
Ans: it is so shameful that I cannot tell it.
Rule: 17. যদি কোনো বাক্যে as long as কিংবা as soon as থাকে তবে বাক্যের দুটি অংশই একই রকম tense এ হবে.
Ex: 1. God will help us as long as ….
Ans: God will help us as long as we survive.
Ex: 2. As soon as she got up from bed, ….
Ans: as soon as she got up from bed, she saw a fearful shadow upon the glass of her window.
Note: মনে রাখতে হবে, as long as যুক্ত বাক্যকে একটি future indefinite tense হলে অপরটি present indefinite tense দ্বারা সম্পন্ন করা শ্রেয়.
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